ECCouncil 312-50v13證照考試，312-50v13最新考古題

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最新的 CEH v13 312-50v13 免費考試真題 (Q521-Q526):

問題 #521
Which of the following tools can be used for passive OS fingerprinting?

答案：D

解題說明：
Passive OS fingerprinting involves observing traffic from a remote host and analyzing it to infer details about the operating system without actively sending packets or probes. This is useful in stealthy reconnaissance where avoiding detection is critical.
tcpdump is a packet analyzer that captures traffic in real time. By analyzing certain TCP/IP header fields such as TTL (Time-To-Live), window size, TCP options, and DF (Don't Fragment) flags, attackers can passively deduce the operating system of the target host.
CEH v13 Guide states:
"Passive fingerprinting tools like tcpdump and Wireshark allow the attacker to capture packets and analyze them for OS-specific traits, making it possible to identify the OS without sending packets to the target system." Reference - CEH v13 Study Guide:
Module 02: Footprinting and Reconnaissance, Section: "OS Fingerprinting Techniques", Subsection: "Passive OS Fingerprinting" Incorrect Options Explained:
* A: nmap is primarily an active scanning tool (though it has limited passive capabilities).
* C: tracert is used for tracing packet routes, not OS fingerprinting.
* D: ping checks host availability and latency, not OS details.
###############


問題 #522
Mike, a security engineer, was recently hired by BigFox Ltd. The company recently experienced disastrous DoS attacks. The management had instructed Mike to build defensive strategies for the company's IT infrastructure to thwart DoS/DDoS attacks. Mike deployed some countermeasures to handle jamming and scrambling attacks. What is the countermeasure Mike applied to defend against jamming and scrambling attacks?

答案：C

解題說明：
Jamming and scrambling are attacks targeting the physical layer of the OSI model, often affecting wireless communication by generating interference to disrupt signal transmission. To mitigate such attacks, one advanced countermeasure is the use of Cognitive Radios.
According to CEH v13 Official Courseware:
* Cognitive radios are intelligent radio systems capable of sensing the radio frequency (RF) environment and dynamically adjusting their operating parameters (e.g., frequency, modulation) to avoid interference and jamming.
* They enable dynamic spectrum access and help in improving spectrum efficiency and resilience against jamming.
* This approach falls under physical-layer security mechanisms.
Incorrect Options:
* A. gets and strcpy are unsafe functions vulnerable to buffer overflow, not relevant to DoS protection.
* B. Allowing all types of packets increases risk and is not a mitigation.
* D. TCP SYN cookies protect against SYN flood attacks and disabling them weakens security.
Reference - CEH v13 Official Courseware:
Module 10: Denial-of-Service (DoS) Attacks
Section: "Defensive Strategies Against Jamming and DoS Attacks"
Subsection: "Physical Layer Countermeasures"


問題 #523
A malicious user has acquired a Ticket Granting Service from the domain controller using a valid user's Ticket Granting Ticket in a Kerberoasting attack. He exhorted the TGS tickets from memory for offline cracking. But the attacker was stopped before he could complete his attack. The system administrator needs to investigate and remediate the potential breach. What should be the immediate step the system administrator takes?

答案：C

解題說明：
A Kerberoasting attack is a technique that exploits the Kerberos authentication protocol to obtain the password hash of a service account that has a Service Principal Name (SPN). An attacker can request a service ticket (TGS) for the SPN using a valid user's ticket (TGT) and then attempt to crack the password hash offline. To prevent the attacker from using the TGS to access the service, the system administrator should invalidate the TGS as soon as possible. This can be done by changing the password of the service account, which will generate a new password hash and render the old TGS useless. Alternatively, the system administrator can use tools like Mimikatz to purge the TGS from the memory of the domain controller or the client system. Performing a system reboot, deleting the compromised user's account, or changing the NTLM password hash used to encrypt the ST are not effective ways to invalidate the TGS, as they do not affect the encryption of the TGS or the validity of the TGT. References:
* EC-Council CEHv12 Courseware Module 11: Hacking Webservers, page 11-24
* What is a Kerberoasting Attack? - CrowdStrike
* How to Perform Kerberoasting Attacks: The Ultimate Guide - StationX


問題 #524
While using your bank's online servicing you notice the following string in the URL bar:
"http://www.MyPersonalBank.com/account?id=368940911028389&Damount=10980&Camount=21" You observe that if you modify the Damount & Camount values and submit the request, that data on the web page reflects the changes.
Which type of vulnerability is present on this site?

答案：A

解題說明：
This is a classic example of Web Parameter Tampering. This occurs when attackers manipulate parameters exchanged between client and server to exploit vulnerabilities in the application logic. In this case:
Damount and Camount are passed via URL parameters.
The web application is not validating or sanitizing the values.
Altering the values affects the transaction outcome.
This is not an SQL Injection (no SQL code shown), nor is it XSS (no script injection), and it is unrelated to Cookie Tampering (which involves browser-stored cookies).
Reference: CEH v13 eCourseware - Module 14: Hacking Web Applications # "Parameter Tampering" CEH v13 Study Guide - Web Application Attacks # "Client-side Parameter Tampering"
========


問題 #525
A fintech startup in Austin, Texas deploys several virtual machines within a public cloud environment.
During an authorized cloud security assessment, a tester uploads a small script to one of the instances through a web application vulnerability. After executing the script locally on the instance, the tester retrieves temporary access credentials associated with the instance ' s assigned role. These credentials are then used to enumerate storage resources and access additional cloud services within the same account. Which cloud attack technique best corresponds to this activity?

答案：C

解題說明：
The correct answer is IMDS Attack. CEH cloud security material explains that cloud instances often obtain temporary credentials from an Instance Metadata Service, commonly called IMDS, which supplies identity and role-based access details to workloads running on the virtual machine. If an attacker gains code execution on the instance, even through a separate web application flaw, the attacker may query the metadata endpoint locally and retrieve temporary credentials associated with the instance role. That is precisely what happens in this scenario: the tester runs a script on the VM, extracts temporary role credentials, and then uses them to enumerate storage and other services within the same cloud account. Wrapping attacks target SOAP message manipulation, while cloud snooper and CP DoS do not match the behavior of harvesting role credentials from local cloud metadata. CEH emphasizes that overprivileged instance roles and exposed metadata access can allow attackers to pivot from a single compromised workload into broader cloud service access. Because the key step is retrieving temporary credentials from the instance metadata service, the best match is IMDS Attack.


問題 #526
......

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